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TLR4

toll-like receptor 4

Cooperates with LY96 and CD14 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acts via MYD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Also involved in LPS-independent inflammatory responses triggered by free fatty acids, such as palmitate, and Ni2+. Responses triggered by Ni2+ require non-conserved histidines and are, therefore, species-specific. In complex with TLR6, promotes sterile inflammation in monocytes/macrophages in response to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) or amyloid-beta 42. In this context, the initial signal is provided by oxLDL- or amyloid-beta 42-binding to CD36. This event induces the formation of a heterodimer of TLR4 and TLR6, which is rapidly internalized and triggers inflammatory response, leading to the NF-kappa-B-dependent production of CXCL1, CXCL2 and CCL9 cytokines, via MYD88 signaling pathway, and CCL5 cytokine, via TICAM1 signaling pathway, as well as IL1B secretion.

Gene Name:	toll-like receptor 4
Family/Subfamily:	Toll-like Receptor , not assigned-Toll-like Receptor
Synonyms:	TLR4, CD284, CD284 antigen, Homolog of Drosophila toll, TLR-4, TOLL, ARMD10, Toll-like receptor 4, HToll
Target Sequences:	NM_138554 O00206 O00206

Publications (12)

High-mobility group box 1 activates integrin-dependent homing of endothelial progenitor cells. Chavakis E, Hain A, Vinci M, Carmona G, Bianchi ME, Vajkoczy P, Zeiher AM, Chavakis T, Dimmeler S. Circulation research. 2007 100:204-12. [PubMed:17218606] Related Antibodies: LS-C40824.

Altered Levels of Toll-Like Receptors in Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Sclerosis. Bhargava P, Nogueras-Ortiz C, Chawla S, Bæk R, Jørgensen MM, Kapogiannis D. Cells. 2019 September;8:E1058. [Full Text Article] [PubMed:31509962] [PMC:PMC6769450]

Time course of microglia activation and brain and blood cytokine/chemokine levels following chronic ethanol exposure and protracted withdrawal in rats. Manuel Sanchez-Alavez, William Nguyen, Simone Mori, Derek N Wills, Dennis Otero, Cindy L Ehlers, Bruno Conti. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.). 2019 May;76:37-45. [Full Text Article] [PubMed:30554034] [PMC:PMC6336521]

Role of enterocyte stearoyl-Co-A desaturase-1 in LDLR-null mice. Pallavi Mukherjee, Greg Hough, Arnab Chattopadhyay, Victor Grijalva, Ellen Ines O'Connor, David Meriwether, Alan Wagner, James M Ntambi, Mohamad Navab, Srinivasa T Reddy, Alan M Fogelman. Journal of lipid research. 2018 October;59:1818-1840. [Full Text Article] [PubMed:30139760] [PMC:PMC6168294] Related Antibodies: LS-C180173.

Resistance to hepatitis C virus: potential genetic and immunological determinants. Michael M Mina, Fabio Luciani, Barbara Cameron, Rowena A Bull, Michael R Beard, David Booth, Andrew R Lloyd. The Breast : official journal of the European Society of Mastology. 2015 Apr;;15:451-60. [Full Text Article] [PubMed:25703062]

RAPID COMMUNICATION: TLR4 expressed but with reduced functionality on equine B lymphocytes. Alayna N Hay, Ashley Potter, Leah Kasmark, Jing Zhu, Caroline M Leeth. Journal of animal science. 2019 Apr;97:2175-2180. [Full Text Article] [PubMed:30901382] [PMC:PMC6488325] Related Antibodies: LS-B2070.

Correlation between innate and adaptive immunity response in TB children post BCG vaccination. Is it effective or not?: Cross-sectional study. Rahmini Shabariah, Farsida, Mochammad Hatta, Ilhamjaya Patellongi, Irfan Idris, Arif Santoso, Andi Asadul Islam, Rosdiana Natzir, Bob Wahyudin, Warsinggih, Sanjoyo. Annals of medicine and surgery (2012). 2022 May;77:103586. [Full Text Article] [PubMed:35638072] [PMC:PMC9142374]

Comparison TLR2 and TLR4 serum levels in children with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis with and without a Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) scar. Rahmini Shabariah, Mochammad Hatta, Irfan Idris, Arif Santoso, Ilhamjaya Patellongi, Tria Astika Endah Permatasari, Farsida, Andi Asadul Islam, Rosdiana Natzir, Bob Wahyudin, Warsinggih, Emilda. Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases. 2021 December;25:100272. [Full Text Article] [PubMed:34504953] [PMC:PMC8416952]

Age-associated skin changes in innate immunity markers reflect a complex interaction between aging mechanisms in the sebaceous gland. Rana M Elewa, Marwa A Abdallah, Christos C Zouboulis. The Journal of dermatology. 2015 May;42:467-76. [Full Text Article] [PubMed:25818897] Related Antibodies: LS-B2254.

Characterization of wooden breast myopathy: a focus on syndecans and ECM remodeling. Lucie Pejšková, Sissel Beate Rønning, Matthew Peter Kent, Nina Therese Solberg, Vibeke Høst, To Thu-Hien, Jens Petter Wold, Marianne Lunde, Ellen Mosleth, Addolorata Pisconti, Svein Olav Kolset, Cathrine Rein Carlson, Mona Elisabeth Pedersen. Frontiers in physiology. 2023 December;14:1301804. [Full Text Article] [PubMed:38130476] [PMC:PMC10737271] Related Antibodies: LS-C756.

A cohort-based study of host gene expression: tumor suppressor and innate immune/inflammatory pathways associated with the HIV reservoir size. Ashok K Dwivedi, Germán G Gornalusse, David A Siegel, Alton Barbehenn, Cassandra Thanh, Rebecca Hoh, Kristen S Hobbs, Tony Pan, Erica A Gibson, Jeffrey Martin, Frederick Hecht, Christopher Pilcher, Jeffrey Milush, Michael P Busch, Mars Stone, Meei-Li Huang, Julieta Reppetti, Phuong M Vo, Claire N Levy, Pavitra Roychoudhury, Keith R Jerome, Florian Hladik, Timothy J Henrich, Steven G Deeks, Sulggi A Lee. PLoS pathogens. 2023 November;19:e1011114. [Full Text Article] [PubMed:38019897] [PMC:PMC10712869]

Tissue expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in sporadic human colorectal cancer. Nihon-Yanagi Y, Terai K, Murano T, Matsumoto T, Okazumi S. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII. 2013 Jan;61:71-7. [Full Text Article] [PubMed:21845432] [PMC:PMC3249192] Related Antibodies: LS-B2070.

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The data on this page has been compiled from LifeSpan internal sources, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt).

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