HAVCR1 (KIM-1, TIM-1, CD365) is a member of the TIM family, with functional roles in asthma, transplant tolerance, allergic response and regulating immune cell activities. HAVCR1 is located on the surface of Type 2 helper T cells cells and is capable of activating T-cells and blocking peripheral tolerance. It is highly upregulated in injured kidneys. Additionally, it is a receptor for Hepatitis A virus, Ebola and Dengue virus. It is potentially a useful prognostic marker for renal cell, gastric and other cancers, where upregulation is correlated with progression and is linked to angiogenesis and proliferation during tumorigenesis. In immunohistochemistry of normal tissue, HAVCR1 has cytoplasmic and membranous positivity in glandular epithelia of various tissues, with prominent expression in the kidney and gastrointestinal tract. References: Cancer Res. 2014 Mar 1;74(5):1416-28, PMID: 24390735; PLoS One. 2018 Nov 2;13(11):e0206423, PMID: 30388143; J Virol. 2018 Apr 13;92(9). pii: e02065-17, PMID: 29437974; Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2014 Dec;138(12):1643-65, PMID: 25427043