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Pregnane X receptor (PXR), a NR1 Thyroid Hormone-Like Receptor, has been shown to mediate the effects of steroid hormones, including progesterone, glucocorticoid, and pregnenolone, and effects of xenobiotics, through the cytochrome P-450 3A gene family (CYP3A). PXR protects the body from hepatotoxicity of secondary bile acids such as lithocholic acid (LCA) by inducing expression of the hydroxylating cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A and promoting detoxification. PXR also has been suggested to regulate drug efflux by activating expression of the MDR1 gene, control the biosynthesis and metabolism of bile acids, and influence the protection of the feto-maternal system from the toxic effects of endogenous steroids and foreign substrates. PXR binds as a heterodimer (with RXR) to the CYP3A promoter region. At least six protein isoforms, produced by alternative splicing, have been reported.
Gene Name: | nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2 |
Family/Subfamily: | NHR , NR1 Thyroid hormone-like |
Synonyms: | NR1I2, BXR, Orphan nuclear receptor PXR, Orphan nuclear receptor PAR1, PARq, PRR, PXR, Pregnane X receptor, ONR1, SAR, SXR |
Target Sequences: | NM_003889 NP_003880.3 O75469 |
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