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Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates 'Ser-139' of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage response mechanism. Required for FANCD2 ubiquitination. Critical for maintenance of fragile site stability and efficient regulation of centrosome duplication.
Gene Name: | ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related |
Family/Subfamily: | Protein Kinase , PI3/PI4 |
Synonyms: | ATR, FRAP-related protein-1, FCTCS, SCKL1, MEC1, Protein kinase ATR, Rad3 related protein, SCKL, FRAP-related protein 1, FRP1, XATR, Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR, Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein, mitosis entry checkpoint 1 |
Target Sequences: | NM_001184 NP_001175.2 Q13535 |
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