Target
Human GAD65
Synonyms
GAD2 | GAD-65 | Glutamate decarboxylase 2 | GAD65
Reactivity
Human
(tested or 100% immunogen sequence identity)
Immunogen
Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) conjugated synthetic peptide sequence PGSGFWSFGSEDGSGDSEN corresponding to amino acids 4-22 within the N-Terminus of human GAD65. Percent identity by BLAST analysis: Human, Chimpanzee, Gorilla, Orangutan (100%); Gibbon, Galago, Rat, Ferret, Panda, Bovine, Cat, Dog, Horse, Pig (95%); Monkey, Marmoset, Mouse, Rabbit, Opossum, Guinea pig (89%).
Specificity
Recognizes an epitope within the N-terminal (NT) region of Glutamate decarboxylase 2, otherwise known as GAD65/GAD2, an amphiphilic membrane-anchored protein and member of the group 2 decarboxylase family, principally expressed in the brain and also in pancreatic beta cells. GAD65 catalyzes the decarboxylation of glutamate to GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. GAD65 is the 65kD isoform of GAD, encoded by the GAD2 gene, which is predominantly expressed by nerve termini, as oppose to the 67kD isoform (GAD67), which is predominantly found in the cell body, and is encoded by the GAD1 gene. Studies have shown the presence of autoantibodies to GAD65 (GAD65Ab) in autoimmune diseases, including Graves disease and Stiff Man Syndrome (SMS), but GAD65Ab are most prevalent in patients with Type I diabetes mellitus, and those at high risk of developing Type I diabetes. The N-Terminal region of GAD65 lacks the epitopes for GAD65Ab in Type I diabetes patients, and has been shown as essential for targeting the enzyme to GABA-containing secretory vesicles. Clone N-GAD65 has been shown to be highly specific for GAD65 and does not recognize GAD67.