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Transforming growth factor beta is a secreted protein that controls proliferation, cellular differentiation, and other functions in most cells. It is a type of cytokine which plays a role in immunity, cancer, bronchial asthma, lung fibrosis, heart disease, diabetes, Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, Marfan syndrome, Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Loeys–Dietz syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Chronic kidney disease, Multiple Sclerosis and AIDS. TGF-beta is secreted by many cell types, including macrophages, in a latent form in which it is complexed with two other polypeptides, latent TGF-beta binding protein (LTBP) and latency-associated peptide (LAP). Serum proteinases such as plasmin catalyze the release of active TGF-beta from the complex. This often occurs on the surface of macrophages where the latent TGF-beta complex is bound to CD36 via its ligand, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). Inflammatory stimuli that activate macrophages enhance the release of active TGF-ß by promoting the activation of plasmin. Macrophages can also endocytose IgG-bound latent TGF-ß complexes that are secreted by plasma cells and then release active TGF-beta into the extracellular fluid. It exists in at least three isoforms called TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 and TGF-beta3. Until the three isoforms were discovered, TGF-beta referred to TGF-beta1, as it was the first member of this family to be discovered.
Target Name: | TGFB / TGF Beta / Transforming Growth Factor Beta |
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