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NR3C1/Glucocorticoid Receptor
nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 (glucocorticoid receptor)
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a NR3 Steroid Receptor, mediates the physiological activities of glucocorticoids that modulate development, homeostasis, stress, inflammatory, and immunologic responses. GR has been shown to mediate negative-feedback signals of elevated glucocorticoid levels; impaired GR signaling is a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of stress-related psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. Over ten kindreds and sporadic cases of glucocorticoid resistance have been reported; several of these result from mutations in the GR ligand-binding domain. In addition, tissue-specific changes in glucocorticoid sensitivity have been associated with diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, a type of bronchial asthma, and possibly AIDS. The human GR has three alternatively spliced isoforms: alpha, beta, and gamma. The alpha and beta isoforms are identical through amino acid 727 but then diverge, with GR alpha containing an additional 50 amino acids and GR beta containing an additional, nonhomologous 15 amino acids. GR alpha is activated by glucocorticoid hormones and can bind to the glucocorticoid response element (GRE). GR beta does not bind glucocorticoid hormones and is transcriptionally inactive; however, GR beta can bind GRE and act as an inhibitor of GR alpha. GR gamma, which contains one additional amino acid (arginine) in the DNA-binding domain based on cDNA translation, has been described by Rivers et al. 1999.
| Gene Name: | nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 (glucocorticoid receptor) |
| Family/Subfamily: | NHR , NR3 Steroid receptor |
| Synonyms: | NR3C1, Glucocorticoid Receptor beta, GR, GCCR, GCR, Glucocorticoid receptor, Glucocorticoid receptor alpha, GRL |
| Target Sequences: | NM_000176 NP_000167.1 P04150 |
Publications (1)
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