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Cleaves the gamma-glutamyl bond of extracellular glutathione (gamma-Glu-Cys-Gly), glutathione conjugates, and other gamma-glutamyl compounds. The metabolism of glutathione releases free glutamate and the dipeptide, cysteinyl-glycine, which is hydrolyzed to cysteine and glycine by dipeptidases. In the presence of high concentrations of dipeptides and some amino acids, can also catalyze a transpeptidation reaction, transferring the gamma-glutamyl moiety to an acceptor amino acid to form a new gamma-glutamyl compound. Initiates extracellular glutathione (GSH) breakdown, provides cells with a local cysteine supply and contributes to maintain intracellular GSH level. It is part of the cell antioxidant defense mechanism. Isoform 3 seems to be inactive.
Gene Name: | gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 |
Family/Subfamily: | Protease , Threonine T3 |
Synonyms: | GGT1, CD224 antigen, CD224, Ec 2.3.2.2, Glutamyl transpeptidase, GTG, Gamma-glutamyltransferase, Glutathione hydrolase 1, GLUTATHIONURIA, Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, Gamma-glutamyltransferase 1, Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1, GGT, Leukotriene-C4 hydrolase, D22S672, D22S732, Gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, GGT 1 |
Target Sequences: | NM_005265 AAH25927.1 P19440 |
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