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DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Exhibits potent antiviral activity against vif-deficient HIV-1. After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resultant detrimental levels of mutations in the proviral genome, along with a deamination-independent mechanism that works prior to the proviral integration, together exert efficient antiretroviral effects in infected target cells. Selectively targets single-stranded DNA and does not deaminate double-stranded DNA or single-or double-stranded RNA. Exhibits antiviral activity also against simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), hepatitis B virus (HBV), equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), xenotropic MuLV-related virus (XMRV) and simian foamy virus (SFV). May inhibit the mobility of LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons.
Gene Name: | Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G |
Synonyms: | APOBEC3G, ARCD, ARP-9, APOBEC-related protein 9, APOBEC-related protein, CEM-15, CEM15, Deoxycytidine deaminase, Phorbolin-like protein MDS019, ARP9, BK150C2.7, DJ494G10.1, MDS019 |
Target Sequences: | NM_021822 NP_068594.1 Q9HC16 |
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