TUBB3 (Class III Beta-tubulin) is a class III member of the beta tubulin family of proteins, which heterodimerize and assemble into microtubules. This protein is primarily found in neurons, where it may assist in axon guidance, maintenance and neurogenesis. TUBB3 is important for neural development, and it is a useful marker for early neural differentiation. Mutations in TUBB3 cause congenital fibrosis, and are associated with defects in neuronal migration and axon guidance in various neurodegenerative diseases including schizophrenia, polymicrogyria, lissencephaly and a multitude of brain malformations. In immunohistochemistry, antibodies to TUBB3 can be used to highlight neurons and to distinguish them from glial cells (TUBB3 negative) in the brain. TUBB3 has highest cytoplasmic positivity in the brain and in peripheral nerves, but is also found at lower levels throughout the body. References: Nucleic Acids Res. 2012 Jan;40(Database issue):D130-5, PMID: 22121212; Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences. 2006. 32 (1–2): 67–81, PMID: 16626970; PLoS One. 2019 Jun 21;14(6):e0218811, PMID: 31226147